Clinical Outcomes of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Amongst Persons Living with HIV Attending a Referral Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Authors

Mwaka Dick Odong, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Wafula Bossa, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Muhwezi Loyce, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Nangobi Christine Faith, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Mbusa Chrispus, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Bontu Aschale Abebe, School of Nursing, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
Daniel Chans Mwandah, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda AND Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
Silas Ojuka, Department of Pharmacy, Uganda Heart Institute
Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda AND Department of Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka, UgandaFollow

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection amongst persons living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (PLWHIV). World Health Organisation recommends tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) to avert the effects of TB/HIV co-infection. This study aimed at determining the incidence of active tuberculosis infection, assessing the burden of adverse drug events (ADEs) and identifying the associated factors. In this study, records of 379 patients who started isoniazid preventive therapy at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) between 1^st July, 2017 and 30^th June, 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Data was analyzed using a statistical software (SPSS version 20.0) and presented using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was performed to explore the factors associated with adverse drug reactions during the course of isoniazid preventive therapy. The prevalence of ADEs was 20.3%. Fifty-five (71.4%) experienced at least one adverse drug event during the course of isoniazid preventive therapy while 22 (28.6%) had at least two. Elevated serum transaminases (23.7%), peripheral neuropathy (20.4%), skin rash/pruritis (15.1%) and musculoskeletal symptoms (10.8%) were the most frequently documented adverse drug events. Patients on at least two other drugs alongside their isoniazid preventive therapy (AOR = 2.23 (1.25,3.97 at 95% CI); p value = 0.006) and those not prescribed prophylactic pyridoxine (AOR = 3.21 (1.34,7.60 at 95% CI); p value = 0.008) were significantly likely to experience adverse drug events. Only one patient (0.28%) developed tuberculosis disease making the incidence of tuberculosis disease 0.1 per 100-person years. The study findings revealed that the prevalence of ADEs among PLWHIV who are on isoniazid preventive therapy was very low. Elevated serum transaminases, peripheral neuropathy, skin rash/pruritis and musculoskeletal symptoms were the most commonly reported adverse drug events. The incidence of ADEs can be reduced by providing pyridoxine prophylaxis therapy and limiting the number of concomitantly used medications.

Recommended Citation

Odong, Mwaka Dick; Bossa, Wafula; Loyce, Muhwezi; Faith, Nangobi Christine; Chrispus, Mbusa; Abebe, Bontu Aschale; Mwandah, Daniel Chans; Ojuka, Silas; and Yadesa, Tadele Mekuriya (2024), Clinical Outcomes of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Amongst Persons Living with HIV Attending a Referral Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study, AUIQ Complementary Biological System: Vol. 1: Iss. 2, 61-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70176/3007-973X.1017
Available at: https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol1/iss2/6

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.70176/3007-973X.1017