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Authors

Hasan M. Aghaa, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia AND Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaFollow
Salis A. Musa, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia AND Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Ahmad Hapiz, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia AND Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaFollow
Ruihong Wu, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; AND Deparment of Chemistry, Hengshui University, 053500 Hebei Province, Hengshui, China
Khansaa Al-Essa, Department of Chemistry, Jerash University, 26150 Jerash, Jordan
Ali Mohammed Saleh, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia AND Renewable Energy Reserach Unit, Alhawija Technical Institute Northern Technical University Iraq
Abdallah Reghioua, Fac. Technology, University of El Oued, 39000 El Oued, Algeria

Corresponding Author

Hasan M. Agha

Authors ORCID

0000-0002-6637-2072

Abstract

Herein, biohybrid biosorbent material was produced from grafting chitosan benzaldehyde/Lactobacillus casei (CHS-BZ/LAC) for the removal of anionic dye acid red 88 (AR88). CHS-BZ/LAC was fabricated using a hydrothermal process under the condition of 100 °C in an oven for 6 h. The optimization of AR88 dye adsorption by CHS-BZ/LAC was conducted by employing Box Bahnken design (BBD). The code and value of parameters used in this study were CHS-BZ/LAC dosage (A: 0.02-0.1 g/L), dye solution pH (B: 4-10), and contact time (C: 10-40 min). The BBD design shows that the highest removal of AR88 (94.5%) was achieved with the setting of CHS-BZ/LAC dose = 0.1 g/L, pH = 4, and contact time = 25 min. The suitability and the accuracy of the BBD design were confirmed by ANOVA analysis with the F-value = 112.84, and p-value < 0.0001. Dual interaction from parameters shows significant interactions of AB (CHS-BZ/LAC dosage vs pH), AC (CHS-BZ/LAC dosage vs contact time), and BC (pH vs contact time) with p-values less than 0.05. Multiple mechanisms of interactions took place in the biosorption process of AR88 by CHS-BZ/LAC such as n-π interactions, π-π attraction, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding. This study demonstrates the success of developing a new type of biosorbent (CHS-BZ/LAC) and effectively used for anionic azo dye removal from synthetic wastewater.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.70176/3007-973X.1020

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