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Corresponding Author

Emad Yousif

Authors ORCID

Emad Yousif: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-4724

Abstract

It is very important to find reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of treatment response because breast cancer is still one of the most common cancers in women around the world. The goal of this study was to find out how clinically important different biochemical markers are in Iraqi women with breast cancer. Some of these signs are progesterone (PG), oestrogen (E2), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), and circulating progastrin (hPG80). There were 100 women in this study, and they were all between the ages of 20 and 70. There were three groups of people who took part: a healthy control group (n = 25), a group of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who weren't getting treatment (Group 1, n = 27), and a group of breast cancer patients who were getting chemotherapy and radiation (Group 2, n = 48). After taking blood, ELISA was used to measure the levels of hPG80, CA15-3, oestrogen, and progesterone in the serum. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 9.3. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The participants were categorized into three groups: healthy controls, newly diagnosed untreated breast cancer patients, and patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Both treated and untreated breast cancer patients showed significantly elevated hPG80 levels compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), with no significant difference between the two patient groups. Serum CA15-3 levels were markedly higher in breast cancer patients, particularly in untreated individuals. Estrogen levels were substantially reduced during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indicating suppression of ovarian function, whereas newly diagnosed patients exhibited significantly higher estrogen levels. Progesterone levels were elevated in untreated patients compared to controls, but significantly decreased in treated patients. These results show that CA15-3 is still useful for tracking the progress of a disease and the effectiveness of treatment. hPG80, on the other hand, may be a good biomarker for diagnosing breast cancer. Changes in oestrogen and progesterone levels are another way to see how different treatment methods and hormonal pathways change the biology of breast cancer. This study highlights the potential of circulating hPG80 as a novel diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer, alongside the established role of CA15-3 in disease monitoring, and provides new insights into hormone profile changes in Iraqi patients.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.70176/3007-973X.1067

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